haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> vi .mozilla/firefox/nnghxxxx.default/chrome/userChrome.css
@namespace url("http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul");
.tab-close-button:not([pinned="true"]) { display: -moz-box !important; }

baseurl=file///root/cdrom # 镜像目录

yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media install bind

from django import forms


class EmailPostForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=25)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    to = forms.EmailField()
    comments = forms.CharField(required=False,
                               widget=forms.Textarea)

<input type="text">

<textarea>

# 导入表单
from .forms import EmailPostForm


# 处理表单
def post_share(request, post_id):
    # 根据post_id取得post对象
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, id=post_id, status='published')
    # 如果提交操作且经过验证
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 表单是提交操作
        form = EmailPostForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            cd = form.changed_data
         # 发送邮件
    else:
        # 表单是显示操作
        form = EmailPostForm
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/share.html',
                  {'form': form,
                   'post': post})

# For Email
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.console.EmailBackend'

EMAIL_HOST = 'smtp.gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_USER = 'your_account@gmail.com'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = 'your_password'
EMAIL_PORT = 587
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True

>>> from django.core.mail import send_mail
>>> send_mail('Django mail', 'This e-mail was sent with Django.', 'talenhao@gmail.com', ['talenhao@gmail.com'], fail_silently=False)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Django mail
From: talenhao@gmail.com
To: talenhao@gmail.com
Date: Sun, 20 Jan 2019 14:11:55 -0000
Message-ID: <154799351565.16947.13299734647581468097@tianfei-opensuse>

This e-mail was sent with Django.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1

# 发送邮件
from django.core.mail import send_mail


# 处理表单
def post_share(request, post_id):
    # 根据post_id取得post对象
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, id=post_id, status='published')
    sent = False
    # 如果提交操作且经过验证
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 表单是提交操作
        form = EmailPostForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            cd = form.changed_data
            # 发送邮件
            # 创建文章
            post_url = request.build_absolute_uri(post.get_absolute_url())
            subject = '{} ({}) recommends you reading "{}"'.format(cd['name'],
                                                                   cd['email'],
                                                                   post.title)
            message = 'Read "{}" at {}\n\n{}\'s comments: {}'.format(post.title,
                                                                     post_url,
                                                                     cd['name'],
                                                                     cd['comments'])
            send_mail(subject, message, 'talenhao@test.domain', [cd['to']])
            sent = True
    else:
        # 表单是显示操作
        form = EmailPostForm
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/share.html',
                  {'form': form,
                   'post': post,
                   'sent': sent})

path('<int:post_id>/share/', views.post_share, name='post_share'),

{% extends 'blog/base.html' %}

{% block title %}
    Share {{ post.title }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    {% if sent %}
        <p>
            "{{ post.title }}" was successfully sent to {{ form.cleaned_data.to }}
        </p>
    {% else %}

        <h1>Share "{{ post.title }}" by email</h1>
        <form action="." method="post">
            {% csrf_token %}
            {{ form.as_p }}
            <input type="submit" value="Send Email">
        </form>
{% endblock %}

{% for field in form %}
<div>
{{ field.errors }}
{{ field.label_tag }} {{ field }}
</div>
{% endfor %}

{% csrf_token %}

<input type='hidden' name='csrfmiddlewaretoken'
value='26JjKo2lcEtYkGoV9z4XmJIEHLXN5LDR' />

{{ post.body|linebreaks }}
<p>
    <a href="{% url "blog:post_share" post.id %}">
        Share this post
    </a>
</p>

class Comment(models.Model):
    post = models.ForeignKey(Post,
                             on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                             related_name='comments')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=80)
    email = models.EmailField()
    body = models.TextField()
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    
    class Meta:
        ordering = ('created',)
        
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Comment by {} on {}'.format(self.name, self.post)

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/Django2byExample> python manage.py makemigrations blog
Migrations for 'blog':
  blog/migrations/0002_auto_20190121_1444.py
    - Create model Comment
    - Alter field slug on post
    - Add field post to comment
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/Django2byExample> python manage.py migrate blog
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: blog
Running migrations:
  Applying blog.0002_auto_20190121_1444... OK

from blog.models import Comment


@admin.register(Comment)
class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('name', 'email', 'post', 'created', 'updated', 'active')
    list_filter = ('active', 'created', 'upcated')
    search_fields = ('name', 'email', 'body')

from .models import Comment


class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Comment
        fields = ('name', 'email', 'body')

# ModelForm
from .forms import CommentForm
from .models import Comment


def post_detail(request, year, month, day, post):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post,
                             slug=post,
                             status='published',
                             publish__year=year,
                             publish__month=month,
                             publish__day=day)
    # 接收所有当前post评论
    comments = post.comments.filter(active=True)
    comment_form = CommentForm()
    new_comment = None
    if request.method == "POST":
        comment_form = CommentForm(data=request.POST)
        if comment_form.is_valid():
            new_comment = comment_form.save(commit=False)
            new_comment.post = post
            new_comment.save()
    else:
        comment_form = CommentForm()
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/detail.html',
                  {'post': post,
                   'comments': comments,
                   'new_comment': new_comment,
                   'comment_form': comment_form})

<span>
    {% with comments.count as total_comments %}
        <h2>
            {{ total_comments }} comment{{ total_comments|pluralize }}
        </h2>
    {% endwith %}
</span>

{% for comment in comments %}
    <div class="comment">
        <p class="info">
            Comment {{ forloop.counter }} by {{ comment.name }}
            Created {{ comment.created }}
        </p>
        {{ comment.body|linebreaks }}
    </div>
{% empty %}
    <p>No Comments.</p>
{% endfor %}

<span>
    {% if new_comment %}
        <h2>
            Your comment has been added.
        </h2>
    {% else %}
        <h2>Add a new commnet</h2>
        <form action="." method="post">
            {{ comment_form.as_p }}
            {% csrf_token %}
            <p>
                <input type="submit" value="Add comment">
            </p>
        </form>
    {% endif %}
</span>

pip install django-taggit

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog.apps.BlogConfig',
    'taggit',
]

from taggit.managers import TaggableManager


class Post(models.Model):
    tags = TaggableManager()
    objects = models.Manager()
    ...

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/Django2byExample> python manage.py makemigrations blog
Migrations for 'blog':
  blog/migrations/0003_post_tags.py
    - Add field tags to post
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/Django2byExample> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions, taggit
Running migrations:
  Applying taggit.0001_initial... OK
  Applying taggit.0002_auto_20150616_2121... OK
  Applying blog.0003_post_tags... OK

>>> from blog.models import Post
>>> post = Post.objects.get(id=2)
>>> post
<Post: This is the second post>
>>> post.tags.add('music', 'jazz', 'django')
>>> post.tags.all()
<QuerySet [<Tag: music>, <Tag: jazz>, <Tag: django>]>
>>> post.tags.remove('django')
>>> post.tags.all()
<QuerySet [<Tag: music>, <Tag: jazz>]>
>>>

<p class="tags">Tags: {{ post.tags.all|join:", " }}</p>

# tag,tag标签复用了post_list模板
from taggit.models import Tag
def post_list(request, tag_slug=None):
    # 获取所有的post对象
    object_list = Post.published.all()
    tag = None
    if tag_slug:
        tag = get_object_or_404(Tag, slug=tag_slug)
        object_list = Post.published.filter(tags__in=[tag])

return render(request,
              'blog/post/listold.html',
              {'posts': posts,
               'page': page,
               'tag': tag})

path('tag/<slug:tag_slug>/', views.post_list, name='post_list_by_tag'),

{% for post in posts %}
    <p>
        {% if tag %}
            <h3>Posts tagged with {{ tag.name }}</h3>
        {% endif %}
    </p>

<p class="tags">
Tags:
    {% for p_tag in post.tags.all %}
        <a href="{% url "blog:post_list_by_tag" p_tag.slug %}">{{ p_tag.name }}</a>
    {% endfor %}
    {% if not forloop.last %}{% endif %}
</p>

post_tags_ids = post.tags.values_list('id', flat=True)
similar_posts = Post.published.filter(tags__in=post_tags_ids)\
                              .exclude(id=post.id)
similar_posts = similar_posts.annotate(same_tags=Count('tags'))\
                             .order_by('-same_tags', '-publish')[:4]
return render(request,
              'blog/post/detail.html',
              {'post': post,
               'comments': comments,
               'new_comment': new_comment,
               'comment_form': comment_form,
               'similar_posts': similar_posts})

<span>
    <h2>Similar Posts</h2>
    {% for similar_post in similar_posts %}
        <p>
            <a href="{{ similar_post.get_absolute_url }}">{{ similar_post.title }}</a>
        </p>
    {% empty %}
        <p>There are no similar posts yet.</p>
    {% endfor %}

</span>

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects> django-admin startproject django_2_by_example

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects> tree django_2_by_example/
django_2_by_example/
├── django_2_by_example
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   └── wsgi.py
└── manage.py

1 directory, 5 files

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py runserver
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
January 11, 2019 - 06:39:35
Django version 2.0.5, using settings 'django_2_by_example.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

[11/Jan/2019 06:50:04] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 16348

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8001 --settings=django_2_by_example.settings

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py startapp blog

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> tree
.
├── blog
│   ├── admin.py
│   ├── apps.py
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── migrations
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── models.py
│   ├── tests.py
│   └── views.py

from django.db import models

# create your models here.
from django.utils import timezone
from django.contrib.auth.models import User


class Post(models.Model):
    STATUS_CHOICES = (
        ('draft', 'Draft'),
        ('published', 'Published'),
    )
    title = models.CharField(max_length=250)
    slug = models.SlugField(max_length=250,
                            unique_for_date='published')
    author = models.ForeignKey(User,
                               on_delete=models.CASCADE,
                               related_name="blog_posts")
    body = models.TextField()
    publish = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)
    created = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)
    status = models.CharField(max_length=10,
                              choices=STATUS_CHOICES,
                              default='draft')

    class Meta:
        ordering = ('-published',)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog.apps.BlogConfig',
]

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py makemigrations blog
Migrations for 'blog':
  blog/migrations/0001_initial.py
    - Create model Post

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py sqlmigrate blog 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Post
--
CREATE TABLE "blog_post" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(250) NOT NULL, "slug" varchar(250) NOT NULL, "body" text NOT NULL, "publish" datetime NOT NULL, "created" datetime NOT NULL, "updated" datetime NOT NULL, "status" varchar(10) NOT NULL, "author_id" integer NOT NULL REFERENCES "auth_user" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
CREATE INDEX "blog_post_slug_b95473f2" ON "blog_post" ("slug");
CREATE INDEX "blog_post_author_id_dd7a8485" ON "blog_post" ("author_id");
COMMIT;

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, blog, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying blog.0001_initial... OK

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py createsuperuser
Username (leave blank to use 'haotianfei'): admin
Email address: talenhao@gmail.com
Password:
Password (again):
This password is too short. It must contain at least 8 characters.
This password is too common.
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.

python manage.py runserver

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from blog.models import Post

admin.site.register(Post)

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from blog.models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title',
                    'slug',
                    'author',
                    'publish',
                    'status')

from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from blog.models import Post

@admin.register(Post)
class PostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('title', 'slug', 'author', 'publish', 'status')
    list_filter = ('author', 'publish', 'status', 'created', 'updated')
    search_fields = ('title', 'body')
    prepopulated_fields = {'slug': ('title',)}
    raw_id_fields = ('author',)
    date_hierarchy = 'publish'
    ordering = ('status', 'publish')

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example> python manage.py shell
Python 3.6.5 (default, Mar 31 2018, 19:45:04) [GCC] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
(InteractiveConsole)
>>> from django.contrib.auth.models import User
>>> from blog.models import Post
>>> user = User.objects.get(username="admin")
>>> post = Post(title="Auther admin post",
...             slug="Auther_admin_post",
...             body="Post body",
...             author=user)
>>> post.save()

>>> Post.objects.create(title='One more post', slug='one-more-post', body='Post body', author=user)
<Post: One more post>

>>> post.title = 'New title'
>>> post.save()

>>> all_posts = Post.objects.all()

>>> Post.objects.filter(publish__year=2019)
<QuerySet [<Post: One more post>, <Post: New title>, <Post: This is the second post>, <Post: This is the first post.>]>

>>> Post.objects.filter(publish__year=2019, author__username='admin')
<QuerySet [<Post: One more post>, <Post: New title>, <Post: This is the second post>, <Post: This is the first post.>]>

>>> Post.objects.filter(publish__year=2019)\
...             .filter(author__username='admin')
<QuerySet [<Post: One more post>, <Post: New title>, <Post: This is the second post>, <Post: This is the first post.>]>

>>> Post.objects.filter(publish__year=2019)\
...             .exclude(title__startswith="New")
<QuerySet [<Post: One more post>, <Post: This is the second post>, <Post: This is the first post.>]>

>>> Post.objects.order_by('-title')
<QuerySet [<Post: This is the second post>, <Post: This is the first post.>, <Post: One more post>, <Post: New title>]>
>>> Post.objects.order_by('title')
<QuerySet [<Post: New title>, <Post: One more post>, <Post: This is the first post.>, <Post: This is the second post>]>

>>> post_new = Post.objects.get(id=1)
>>> post_new
<Post: This is the first post.>
>>> post_new.delete()
(1, {'blog.Post': 1})

class PublishedManager(models.Manager):
    def get_queryset(self):
        return super(PublishedManager, self).get_queryset().filter(status='published')


class Post(models.Model):
    objects = models.Manager()
    published = PublishedManager()

>>> Post.published.all()
<QuerySet [<Post: This is the second post>]>

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404
from .models import Post


def post_list(request):
    posts = Post.objects.all()
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/list.html',
                  {'posts': posts})

def post_detail(request, year, month, day, post):
    post = get_object_or_404(Post,
                             slug=post,
                             status='published',
                             publish__year=year,
                             publish__month=month,
                             publish__day=day)
    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/detail.html',
                  {'post': post})

from django.urls import path
from . import views


app_name = 'blog'

urlpatterns = [
    # post views
    path('', views.post_list, name='post_list'),
    path('<int:year>/<int:month>/<int:day>/<slug:post>/',
         views.post_detail,
         name='post_detail'),
]

from django.urls import reverse


class Post(models.Model):
    ...
    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse('blog:post_detail',
                       args=[
                           self.published.year,
                           self.published.month,
                           self.published.day,
                           self.slug
                       ])

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example/blog> pwd
/home/haotianfei/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example/blog
h
haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/PycharmProjects/django_2_by_example/blog> tree templates/
templates/
└── blog
    ├── base.html
    └── post
        ├── detail.html
        └── list.html

{% load static %}

{% static %}

{% block %}

{% extends "blog/base.html" %}

{% block title %}
Tianfei's Blog
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>我的Blog</h1>
    {% for post in posts %}
        <h2>
            <a href="{{ post.get_absolute_url }}">
                {{ post.title }}
            </a>
        </h2>
        <p class="date">
            Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
        </p>
        {{ post.body|truncatechars:60|linebreaks }}
    {% endfor %}

{% endblock %}

{% extends %}

{% extends "blog/base.html" %}

{% block title %}
    {{ post.title }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    <h1>
        {{ post.title }}
    </h1>
    <p class="date">
        Published {{ post.publish }} by {{ post.author }}
    </p>
    {{ post.body|linebreaks }}
{% endblock %}

from django.core.paginator import Paginator, EmptyPage, PageNotAnInteger
def post_list(request):
    # 获取所有的post对象
    object_list = Post.published.all()
    # 以每页3篇post初始化paginator对象实例
    paginator = Paginator(object_list, 3)
    # 获取当前所处页数.从页面传递过来一个"page"
    page = request.GET.get('page')

    try:
        # 获取当前页的posts对象
        posts = paginator.page(page)
    except PageNotAnInteger:
        # 如果返回page页数不足1,即非整数,只显示一页即第一页
        posts = paginator.page(1)
    except EmptyPage:
        # if page is empty, disable the lastest page
        posts = paginator.page(paginator.num_pages)

    return render(request,
                  'blog/post/list.html',
                  {'posts': posts,
                   'paginator': paginator})

<div class="pagination">
    <span class="step-links">
        {% if page.has_previous %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.previous_page_number }}">
                Previous
            </a>

        {% endif %}
    </span>
    <span>
        Page {{ page.number }} of {{ page.paginator.num_pages }}
    </span>

    <span>
        {% if page.has_next %}
            <a href="?page={{ page.next_page_number }}">Next</a>
        {% endif %}
    </span>
</div>

{% block content %}
  {% include "pagination.html" with page=posts%}
{% endblock %}

{% include "pagination.html" with page=page_obj%}

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~ > sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper

export WORKON_HOME='~/.virtualenvs'
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3.6
source /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~ > mkvirtualenv d2be
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/d2be/bin/get_env_details

(d2be) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~ > lsvirtualenv
d2be
====
d2b3

(d2be) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~ > workon d2be

(d2b3) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> deactivate

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> rmvirtualenv d2b3
Removing d2b3...

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/pyproject> sudo pip3 install virtualenv

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/pyproject> virtualenv --python=python3.6 django2byExample
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.6
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/haotianfei/pyproject/django2byExample/bin/python3.6
Also creating executable in /home/haotianfei/pyproject/django2byExample/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/pyproject/django2byExample/bin> source ~/pyproject/django2byExample/bin/activate
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/pyproject/django2byExample/bin>

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/pyproject/django2byExample/bin> sudo pip3 install virtualenvwrapper
haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/github/tianfei/talenhao.github.io.hexo> export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs/
haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/github/tianfei/talenhao.github.io.hexo> export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3.6
haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~/github/tianfei/talenhao.github.io.hexo> virtualenvwrapper.sh
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/premkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/postmkproject
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/initialize
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/premkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/postmkvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/prermvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/postrmvirtualenv
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/get_env_details

haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> mkvirtualenv django2byExample
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/python3
Also creating executable in /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip, wheel...
done.
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/predeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/postdeactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/preactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/postactivate
virtualenvwrapper.user_scripts creating /home/haotianfei/.virtualenvs/django2byExample/bin/get_env_details
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> workon django2byExample

(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> pip install django==2.0.5
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> lssitepackages
django                  easy_install.py  pip-18.1.dist-info  __pycache__  pytz-2018.9.dist-info  setuptools-40.6.3.dist-info  wheel-0.32.3.dist-info
Django-2.0.5.dist-info  pip              pkg_resources       pytz         setuptools             wheel
(django2byExample) haotianfei@tianfei-opensuse:~> python
Python 3.6.5 (default, Mar 31 2018, 19:45:04) [GCC] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import django
>>> django.__version__
'2.0.5'

interface User {
public void login();
public void logout();
}

type Reader interface {
Read(p []byte) (n int, err error)
}

package main
import "fmt"
func main(){
    fmt.Println("Hello Tianfei!)
}

[root@tianfeicentos ~]# yum repository-packages kubernetes list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.cn99.com
 * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk
 * extras: mirrors.163.com
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
Installed Packages
kubectl.x86_64                                                                                  1.13.1-0                                                                            @kubernetes
kubelet.x86_64                                                                                  1.13.1-0                                                                            @kubernetes
kubernetes-cni.x86_64                                                                           0.6.0-0                                                                             @kubernetes
Available Packages
cri-tools.x86_64                                                                                1.12.0-0                                                                            kubernetes
kubeadm.x86_64                                                                                  1.13.1-0                                                                            kubernetes
rkt.x86_64                                                                                      1.27.0-1                                                                            kubernetes

A tty is a regular terminal device (the console on your server, for example).
A pts is a psuedo terminal slave (an xterm or an ssh connection).

[root@localhost raddb]# vi /etc/raddb/users
添加以下2行
"tianfei" Cleartext-Password := "passgo"
        Reply-Message = "Hello, %{User-Name}"

[root@localhost raddb]# radtest tianfei passgo 127.0.0.1 100 testing123
Sent Access-Request Id 170 from 0.0.0.0:44098 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 77
        User-Name = "tianfei"
        User-Password = "passgo"
        NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1
        NAS-Port = 100
        Message-Authenticator = 0x00
        Cleartext-Password = "passgo"
Received Access-Reject Id 170 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 0.0.0.0:0 length 20
(0) -: Expected Access-Accept got Access-Reject
[root@localhost raddb]# radtest tianfei passgo 127.0.0.1 100 testing123
Sent Access-Request Id 155 from 0.0.0.0:44387 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 77
        User-Name = "tianfei"
        User-Password = "passgo"
        NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1
        NAS-Port = 100
        Message-Authenticator = 0x00
        Cleartext-Password = "passgo"
Received Access-Accept Id 155 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 0.0.0.0:0 length 36
        Reply-Message = "Hello, tianfei"

Ready to process requests

(0) Received Access-Request Id 155 from 127.0.0.1:44387 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 77
(0)   User-Name = "tianfei"
(0)   User-Password = "passgo"
(0)   NAS-IP-Address = 127.0.0.1
(0)   NAS-Port = 100
(0)   Message-Authenticator = 0x5328ee7e1eaa61d3555baa241acb7582
(0) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   authorize {
(0)     policy filter_username {
(0)       if (&User-Name) {
(0)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(0)       if (&User-Name)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(0)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(0)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(0)     [preprocess] = ok
(0)     [chap] = noop
(0)     [mschap] = noop
(0)     [digest] = noop
(0) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(0) suffix: No '@' in User-Name = "tianfei", looking up realm NULL
(0) suffix: No such realm "NULL"
(0)     [suffix] = noop
(0) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(0)     [eap] = noop
(0) files: users: Matched entry tianfei at line 1
(0) files: EXPAND Hello, %{User-Name}
(0) files:    --> Hello, tianfei
(0)     [files] = ok
(0)     [expiration] = noop
(0)     [logintime] = noop
(0)     [pap] = updated
(0)   } # authorize = updated
(0) Found Auth-Type = PAP
(0) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   Auth-Type PAP {
(0) pap: Login attempt with password
(0) pap: Comparing with "known good" Cleartext-Password
(0) pap: User authenticated successfully
(0)     [pap] = ok
(0)   } # Auth-Type PAP = ok
(0) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   post-auth {
(0)     update {
(0)       No attributes updated
(0)     } # update = noop
(0)     [exec] = noop
(0)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(0)       else {
(0)         [noop] = noop
(0)       } # else = noop
(0)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(0)   } # post-auth = noop
(0) Sent Access-Accept Id 155 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:44387 length 0
(0)   Reply-Message = "Hello, tianfei"
(0) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(0) Cleaning up request packet ID 155 with timestamp +6
Ready to process requests